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The number of
artists whose careers began in the '60s and whose work has continued to
command critical respect through the '90s can be counted on the fingers
of one hand. Somewhere on that hand--and he'd probably prefer being the
middle finger--is Neil Young (b. Nov. 12, 1945, Toronto). A brilliant
songwriter, a quirky, high-pitched singer, and a guitarist whose
piercing style has influenced an entire generation of young alternative
rock fans, Young has spent his career exploring nearly every genre of
popular music. Beginning with the countrified pop/rock of '60s legends
Buffalo Springfield, he has played rock (Neil Young, 1968), hard rock
(Re*Ac*Tor, 1981), singer/songwriter-style pop (After The Goldrush,
1970), synth-rock (Trans, 1983), '50s-style rock and rockabilly
(Everybody's Rockin', 1983), country music (Old Ways, 1985), rhythm &
blues (This Note's For You, 1988), protest rock (Freedom, 1989),
feedback-heavy art rock ( Arc, 1991), and, of course, the mandatory MTV
Unplugged (1993) set. Through it all, though, he has always sounded like
Neil Young--which may be the major reason he remains such a vital
artist.

Young began as a folk singer in Toronto, where he first met future
bandmates Stephen Stills and Richie Furay in the early '60s and played
in the Mynah Birds with future R&B star Rick James, Steppenwolf's Goldy
McJohn, and bassist Bruce Palmer. In 1966, Young drove with Palmer to
Los Angeles, where he soon met up with Stills and Furay; together with
drummer Dewey Martin, the five musicians formed Buffalo Springfield and
were soon signed to Atco Records. The group recorded three classic
albums between 1966-68, then disbanded; each member then pursued a
career either in a solo or new group context, with Young, Stills, and
Furay achieving the most notable success.
Though Young's 1969 solo debut Neil Young failed to chart, in some ways
it remains one of his best--and most overlooked--efforts. A stylistic
extension of his better work with Buffalo Springfield (particularly his
collaborations with producer/arranger Jack Nitzsche), the album featured
Young working within a gorgeously melodic pop structure; including some
of his best early material such as "The Loner" (covered the next year by
Three Dog Night), "I've Been Waiting For You," and "What Did You Do To
My Life," the album also featured two atmospheric instrumentals and the
extended, surrealistic folk-dirge "The Last Trip To Tulsa."
Needing a band, Young soon found one in Crazy Horse, who as the Rockets
had already recorded a 1968 album for White Whale Records. Backed by
guitarist Danny Whitten, bassist Billy Talbot, and drummer Ralph Molina,
Young then recorded Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere, an album that has
since assumed classic status in his canon. Crazy Horse were a
near-perfect match for Young; by no means sessioned studio pros, they
played hard and emotionally, providing drama and adrenalized surges to
Young's sometimes bare-boned songs. Featuring "Cinnamon Girl," "Cowgirl
In The Sand," and "Down By The River"--a song that would be covered by
Buddy Miles, Roy Buchanan, and every high school band formed in the next
10 years--Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere was the first of eight albums
Young would record with Crazy Horse.

In the meantime, Young had rejoined his former bandmate Stephen Stills
as part of Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young. Always seeming more an
appendage than part of the original core trio, Young played with the
group at Woodstock, and contributed to both 1970's multi-platinum Deja
Vu and the next year's live 4 Way Street. That group's immense
popularity helped set up the success of his third album, 1970's After
The GoldRush, which went top 10, stayed on the charts 66 weeks, and was
certified double-platinum. His success was further consolidated by its
follow-up, Harvest--his all-time bestseller, thanks largely to its No. 1
gold single "Heart Of Gold" and top 40 hit "Old Man."
The Neil Young heard on Harvest was a far cry from the rocker of
Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere; a soft, countryish
singer-songwriter-style album (with appearances by both James Taylor and
Linda Ronstadt), the disc might have established Young as a soft-rock
superstar, had he so desired. But he didn't. On his 1976 compilation
Decade, Young revealingly wrote of the track "Heart Of Gold": "This song
put me in the middle of the road. Traveling there soon became a bore so
I headed for the ditch. A rougher ride but I saw more interesting people
there."
The "ditch," as Young described it, comprised a series of seeming
slapdash, erratic albums that were the antithesis of the smooth,
polished sound of Harvest. Among them were the confusing soundtrack to
Young's rarely-seen film Journey Through The Past (1972), a
rough-sounding live set by Young and his new band the Stray Gators
called Time Fades Away (1973), the sluggish, but semi-return to form On
The Beach (1974), and Young's all-time depressing landmark, Tonight's
The Night (1975), a harrowing, emotional tribute to Crazy Horse
guitarist and Danny Whitten and CSN&Y roadie Bruce Berry, both victims
of drug overdoses.

Since then Young has enjoyed two major career surges. First in 1979,
when his Rust Never Sleeps album found him again paired triumphantly
with Crazy Horse; the title track, which mentioned punk rock star Johnny
Rotten by name, both opened and closed Young's most captivating album in
over a decade. Followed by a live album (Live Rust, 1979) and a film
documentary of the same name, the period was one of artistic renewal for
Young, who unlike his former bandmates in Crosby, Stills & Nash, still
seemed a vibrant, probing artist. The second peak came 10 years later,
with Freedom, not incidentally his first gold album since Live Rust.
Young--more politically outspoken than he'd been since penning "Ohio"
for CSN&Y in 1970--took on the subjects of homelessness and crime
(belittling President George Bush's "thousand points of light" phrase in
the powerful "Rockin' In The Free World"), yet balanced that harshness
with acoustic tracks such as "Hangin' On A Limb," which featured guest
vocalist Linda Ronstadt. Young then rejoined Crazy Horse for 1990's
much-praised Ragged Glory and the live WELD, which featured the bizarre,
35-minute instrumental bonus CD Arc--a so-called "sonic pastiche"
digitally edited by Young and featuring waves of feedback and grungy
electronic howl.
If there was a low point in Neil Young's career, it came in the
mid-'80s. After delivering a series of stylistically quirky albums (from
1983's Trans through 1987's Life) to Geffen Records, with whom he'd
signed in 1983, the label actually sued him for producing "non-typical"
work. It was extremely ironic, since Young's work had habitually flitted
from style to style for a decade previous to his Geffen signing.
The one constant in Young's body of work, however, is Crazy Horse, whose
playing on Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere, 1975's Zuma, Rust Never
Sleeps, and Ragged Glory made the albums the most acclaimed in Young's
catalog. Why hasn't he simply made the group his permanent band? "I saw
where Crazy Horse worked the best," Young said in 1990, "and I saw where
what I tried to do got in the way of what Crazy Horse did. And my answer
to that was to not use Crazy Horse to do things Crazy Horse shouldn't
do--and to be more careful, and more respectful of what I have with
Crazy Horse than to ever try to make it something it isn't."

Twenty years after Harvest, Young returned to "complete the circle" with
the warmly accessible Harvest Moon, which stylistically echoed its
predecessor in large part due to its inclusion of the Stray Gators,
who'd played on the original. It was his first top 20 album in 13 years.
Young's follow-up was his 1993 Unplugged session, which included
material spanning his career from Buffalo Springfield, through his early
solo days and underrated Trans period, on through Harvest Moon.
Young's status as a cross-generational icon was further cemented twice
over soon after--first with 1994's Sleeps With Angels--which
acknowledged the death of Nirvana 's Kurt Cobain (who had quoted a Young
lyric in his suicide note), then with 1995's Mirror Ball, recorded with
longtime fans Pearl Jam. And yet again, following a summer tour with
Crazy Horse, Young released another live album--this one titled Year Of
The Horse *. |